Ladder diagrams differ from regular schematic diagrams of the sort common to electronics technicians primarily in the strict orientation of the wiring: vertical power “rails” and horizontal control “rungs.” Symbols also differ a bit from common electronics notation: relay coils are drawn as circles, with relay contacts drawn in a way resembling capacitors: ![]() In a “ladder” diagram, the two poles of the power source are drawn as vertical rails of a ladder, with horizontal “rungs” showing the switch contacts, relay contacts, relay coils, and final control elements (lamps, solenoid coils, motors) drawn in between the power rails. A very common form of schematic diagram showing the interconnection of relays to perform these functions is called a ladder diagram. ![]() ![]() Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic elements much like digital gates (AND, OR, etc.).
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